MISSED HOLIDAY PRAYERS
_Ustadz, is it permissible to pray diqadha on holidays? And what is the ruling if we are drunk and miss the Eid prayer until we finish greeting?_
*✔️Answer*
_By : Ahmad Syahrin Thoriq_
According to the majority of ulama, if someone is left behind from the Eid prayer congregation, then he can pray alone.
Because congregational prayers for Eid are not obligatory, but only sunnah. [1]
The proof is a history in Sahih Bukhari:
God willing لزَّاوِيَةِ ، فَجَمَعَ أَهْلَهُ وَبَنِيهِ ، وَصَلَّى كَصَلاَةِ أَهْ لِ الْمِصْرِ وَتَكْبِيرِهِمْ . وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ يَجْتَمِعُونَ فِى الْعِيدِ ي ُصَلُّونَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ كَمَا يَصْنَعُ الإِمَامُ . وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ إِذَا فَاتَهُ الْعِيدُ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ
Anas bin Malik ordered his former slave, Ibnu Abi Uthbah, who lived in Zawiyah, to become a priest. He gathered his wife and children, then they prayed like the prayers in the field with the same number of takbirs.
Ikrimah said, the residents of as-Sawad perform the two rak'ah Id prayers as the imam does. Atha said, "Whoever misses the Eid prayer should pray two rak'ahs."
And according to the Shafi'iyyah community, as long as the time for working on the Id left by the congregation is not past midday, then he is not called a Qadha.
It is called Qadha if it is out of time. For example, after midday prayer someone will perform the Eid prayer, is that permissible?
Al Imam Nawawi explained this matter in his book Majmu':
وَاَمَّا مَنْ لَمْ يُصَلِّ حَتَّى زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ فَقَدْ فَاتَت ْهُ وَهَلْ يُسْتَحَبُّ قَضَاؤُهَا فِيهِ القَوْلَانِ السَّابِقَانِ فِي بَابِ صَلَاةِ التَّطَوُّعِ فِي قَضَاءِ النَّوَافِلِ (أَصَحُّهُم َا) يُسْتَحَبُّ وَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ إِذَا فَاتَتْهُ مَعَ الْاِم َامِ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهَا أَصْلًا
"As for someone who does not pray the Eid prayer until the sun sets, then he has fallen behind. So is it still sunnah to make qadha?
In this case there are at least two opinions as explained in the chapter on sunnah prayers regarding the qadha` of sunnah prayers. The most valid opinion is the opinion that states that it is still sunnah to make qadha.
"Meanwhile, according to Imam Abu Hanifah, if someone has missed the Eid prayer in congregation with the imam, his sunnah will be lost, so he does not need to perform the Id prayer at all."[2]
_*How to do it?*_
If someone arrives at the place of Eid prayer, and the sermon is in progress, then he waits until the sermon is finished, then after that he performs the Eid prayer.
_*How many rakats is the number of prayers?*_
According to the majority of scholars, there are still two rak'ahs as usual for the Eid prayer, the evidence for this is the Anas hadith above. Meanwhile, Imam Malik said that the Id prayer that was missed was done four raka'ats, the argument for this was an atsar from Ibn Mas'ud: [3]
مَنْ فَاتَهُ الْعِيدُ فَلْيُصَلِّ أَرْبَعًا
"Whoever misses the Eid prayer, let him pray four rak'ahs." (HR. Thabrani)
_*What are the procedures if you are drunk?*_
How to complete the prayer according to the usual procedure. Masbuk stood up again and performed the prayer he had left behind after the imam's greeting.
📚 Wallahu a'lam.
________
1. Majmu' (7/7), Al Iqna (1/35)
2. Majmu' Syarah al Muhadzdzab (7/7).
3. Bidayatul Mujtahid (1/159)