12 Names Months Islam, Calendar System and Their Meanings
Months in Islam – The Islamic calendar or often known as the Hijri calendar is a calendar whose concept began during the caliphate of Umar bin Khattab. The first year was determined when the Prophet Muhammad SAW made the hijriah from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD. In several countries where the majority of the population adheres to Islam, this calendar is also used as a daily calendar system.
The ordinary calendar or Gregorian calendar uses the circulation of the sun, while the Islamic calendar uses the circulation of the moon as a reference.
According to Islamic views, the months of the Hijri calendar year contain various spiritual values that are very beneficial for human life. There are several months in the Hijri calendar that have a higher level of glory and priority than other Hijri months.
SPIRITUAL AI, do you know the order of the months in Islam? If not, no need to worry because in this article, we will discuss the moon in Islam. So, keep reading this article till the end, SPIRITUAL AI
Order of the Months in the Islamic Calendar and Their Meanings
Determining the start of a day or date in the Hijri calendar system is different from the Gregorian calendar. A day and date in the Gregorian calendar system starts at 00.00 local time.
However, a day and date in the Hijri calendar system starts from sunset at that place or when it enters Maghrib time.
The concept used in the Javanese calendar is different from the Hijri calendar, even though the two have various similarities. In 125 AD, the solar-based concept of the Indian Saka calendar was introduced in Java. This calendar concept was used until 1625 AD or coincided with 1547 Saka.
Sultan Agung then changed the Javanese calendar system by adopting the Hijri calendar system, such as the names of days and months using a lunar or lunar basis. However, the Saka year numbers were continued for the sake of continuity, namely 1547 Saka to 1547 Java.
The Hijri calendar purely uses the visibility of the moon to determine the beginning of the month, while the Javanese calendar determines the number of days in each month.
The following are the names of the months in the Hijri calendar system.
| No. | Penanggalan Islam | Bahasa Arab | Lama Hari |
| 1. | Muharam | Al-Muharram | 29/30 |
| 2. | Safar | Shafar | 29/30 |
| 3. | Rabiulawal | Rabī‘ul Awwal | 29/30 |
| 4. | Rabiulakhir | Rabī‘ul Awwal | 29/30 |
| 5. | Jumadilawal | Jumādal Ūlā | 29/30 |
| 6. | Jumadilakhir | Jumādal Ākhirah | 29/30 |
| 7. | Rajab | Rajab | 29/30 |
| 8. | Syakban | Sya‘bān | 29/30 |
| 9. | Ramadan | Ramadlān | 29/30 |
| 10. | Syawal | Syawwāl | 29/30 |
| 11. | Zulkaidah | Dzul Qa‘dah | 29/30 |
| 12. | Zulhijah | Dzul Ḥijjah | 29/30 |
| Total | 348/360 | ||
Based on the book entitled Almanac Alami Islam: A Reference Source for New Millennium Muslim Families written by Rachmat Taufiq Hidayat, the following are the meanings of the 12 names of the months in the Hijri calendar system.
1. Muharram (sanctified month).
2. Safar (emptied month).
3. Rabiulawal (first spring).
4. Rabiulakhir (second spring).
5. Jumadilawal (first winter).
6. Final Friday (second winter).
7. Rajab (the revered month).
8. Syakban (month of distribution).
9. Ramadan (summer month).
10. Shawwal (month of hunting).
11. Zulkaidah (month of rest).
12. Zulhijah (month of Hajj).
- Muharam (bulan yang disucikan).
- Safar (bulan yang dikosongkan).
- Rabiulawal (musim semi pertama).
- Rabiulakhir (musim semi kedua).
- Jumadilawal (musim dingin pertama).
- Jumadilakhir (musim dingin kedua).
- Rajab (bulan yang dipuja).
- Syakban (bulan pembagian).
- Ramadan (bulan musim panas).
- Syawal (bulan perburuan).
- Zulkaidah (bulan istirahat).
- Zulhijah (bulan haji).
Haram Months in Islam
The haram months in Islam consist of four months, namely Muharram, Rajab, Zulkaidah, and Zulhijah. This statement is mentioned in the Qur'an through Q.S. At Taubah(9): 36 below.
"Indeed, the number of months with Allah SWT is 12 months, in the decree of Allah SWT when He made the heavens and the earth, of which four months are haram. That is the (decree of) the straight religion, do not wrong yourselves in the fourth month, and fight all the polytheists as they also fight all of you, and know that Allah SWT is with those who fear Allah."
These four haram months are also explained in the following hadith.
"Indeed, this era has been running (turning), as in its initial journey when Allah SWT created the heavens and the earth, of which there are 12 months, of which there are four haram months, three months which are (located) in sequence, namely Zulkaidah, Zulhijah, and Muharram . Then Rajab which is between Jumadil (End) and Shaban" (H.R. Bukhari and Muslim).
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