EXPLANATION OF YEMEN (LAND OF THE SYAM) IN THE AL-QURAN AND AL-HADITH
Yemen Gate (Dok Afta/MINA)
The Koran has immortalized the story of the Yemeni people's acceptance of Islamic teachings. It also marks the religious relationship between Yemen and Palestine. This story begins with the report of the Hud-Hud bird, on the orders of its master Prophet Sulaiman, when it flew to the land of Saba (Yemen).
In the Koran it is stated,
فَمَكَثَ غَيۡرَ بَعِيدٍ۬ فَقَالَ أَحَطتُ بِمَا لَمۡ تُحِطۡ بِهِۦ و َجِئۡتُكَ مِن سَبَإِۭ بِنَبَإٍ۬ يَقِينٍ * إِنِّى وَجَدتُّ ٱمۡرَأَةً ۬ تَمۡلِڪُهُمۡ وَأُوتِيَتۡ مِن ڪُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ وَلَهَا عَرۡشٌ عَظِيمٌ }} ِ وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُٱلشَّيۡطَـٰنُ أَعۡمَـٰلَهُمۡ فَصَدَّهُمۡ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ فَهُمۡ لَا يَهۡتَدُونَ*
Meaning: "So not long afterward, he said: "I know something that you don't know yet; and I bring you from the land of Saba an important news which is believed. Surely I found a woman who ruled over them, and she was blessed with everything and had a big throne. I found him and his people worshiping the sun, besides Allah; and the devil has made them look beautiful in their deeds and has blocked them from the path, so that they cannot be guided." (Q.S. An-Naml [27]: 22-24).
The news brought by the Hud-Hud bird moved Prophet Sulaiman to call on the Queen of Saba' (some historians call her Bilqis or Balqis) and her people to convert to Islam. This proves the closeness of the two countries even though they are thousands of kilometers apart geographically.
Prophet Sulaiman called on Balqis to accept the teachings of Islam, to worship the One God. Prophet Solomon's command,
ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ رَبُّ ٱلۡعَرۡشِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ
Meaning: "Go with this letter of mine, then drop it on them, then turn away from them, then pay attention to what they are saying." (Q.S. An-Naml [27] : 26).
Until then, Balqis himself and his entourage came to Sulaiman's country, in the Al-Aqsa area, Palestine. Until finally Queen Bilqis accepted the Islamic teachings offered by Prophet Sulaiman.
God willing هِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ
Meaning: "O my Lord, indeed I have done wrong to myself and I surrender with Solomon to Allah, the Lord of the worlds." (Q.S. An-Naml [27] : 44).
With the establishment of relations between Sulaiman-Balqis, Palestine-Yemen, which were bound by the ties of faith, the two regions were united under the auspices of Islam and under the auspices of the Kingdom of Prophet Sulaiman 'Alaihi Salam.
The Koran states that throughout the two countries, Allah has given blessings to the people and the surrounding nature.
Home ہَا قُرً۬ى ظَـٰهِرَةً۬ وَقَدَّرۡنَا فِيہَا ٱلسَّيۡرَۖ سِيرُواْ فِي ہَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ
Meaning: "And We made between them and between the countries to which We bestowed blessings, several neighboring countries and We established a journey between those countries. Walk in these cities safely by night and by day.” (Q.S. Saba [34] : 18).
In the Quraish Letter, the Koran immortalizes the Yemeni region as an area frequented by Quraish Arabian Peninsula caravan traders.
*لِإِيلَـٰفِ قُرَيۡشٍ * إِیلَـٰفِهِمۡ رِحۡلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّي ۡفِ
Meaning: "Because of the habits of the Quraysh people, their habit was to travel in winter and summer." (Q.S. Quraish [106] : 1-2).
Mufassir said that trade trips in the winter were to the Yemen region, and in the summer to the Sham region (including Palestine).
As a consequence of this trade trip, the Yemeni people were responsible for the safety of the Arab caravans for the continuity of the trade trip. Likewise, the people of Syria did the same thing to protect their interests in the Arabian Peninsula.
That is what provides an atmosphere of adequate safety and security, full of brotherhood, unity and oneness. The atmosphere was extraordinary compared to other caravans in the Arabian Peninsula at that time, which were characterized by robbery, hostility and even wars between tribes/cabins during the Jahiliyyah period, which never ended.
Dr. Musthafa Luthfi and N. Hasanah Mustofa, Lc in the book The Present Palestinian Struggle, Longmarch Across Nations: Indonesia, Yemen, Al-Quds (AWG Press, 2009), explained, This position made the Quraysh nation a reference for the Arab nation when facing problems. important. This was also seen when the Prophet Muhammad SAW was sent as the final Apostle and Prophet, where the Arab people responded and converted in droves to the religion of Allah.
Thus, it is not surprising that Allah prioritizes these two areas when explaining the economic and logistical role in facilitating the arrival of Muhammad SAW's message. It is not strange that Rasulullah SAW also specifically prayed for the people of Syria (Palestine) and Yemen to receive blessings because of the close relationship between these two places of blessing and the cities of Mecca and Medina.
The prayer of the Prophet sallallaahu 'Alaihi Wasallam for the blessings of the countries in the Sham and Yemen region in his prayer,
اَللَّهُمَِ فِيْ يَمَنِنَا
Meaning: "O Allah, bless us in our land of Sham, O Allah, bless us in our land of Yemen." (H.R. At-Tirmidhi).
Friend Zaid bin Thabit also said that the Prophet SAW once directed his gaze towards the country of Yemen. Then he prayed, "O Allah, make it easy for them to accept Islam in their hearts." (H.R. At-Tirmidhi).
This Prophet's prayer accompanied many Yemeni residents who at that time flocked to the religion of Allah, Islam.
This is as stated by Abi Hurairah's friend, that when the verse was revealed:
God willing ُلُونَ فِى دِينِ ٱللَّهِ أَفۡوَاجً۬ا * فَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ وَ ٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡهُۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ ڪَانَ تَوَّابَۢا
Meaning: "When God's help and victory have come. And you see people converting to Allah's religion in droves.” (Q.S. An-Nashr [110] : 1-2).
Explaining this verse, Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam stated that the people of Yemen had come, they were the most gentle-hearted people (H.R. Ahmad).
Imam Al-Baghawi said in the book of Syarhus Sunnah when explaining the above hadith, that this was a compliment from the Prophet Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam to the people of Yemen, because they were a people who immediately believed in Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam, andthe good of their faith in Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala.
Send Friends
Pay attention to the seriousness of the Yemeni population who are flocking to embrace Islam. So, the Prophet sallallaahu 'Alaihi Wasallam sent several friends to preach there. Among them were 'Ali bin Abi Talib to Shana'a (the capital of Yemen), Mu'adz bin Jabbal to Taiz (South Yemen) and Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari ra to Zabid.
When they arrived there, they and the local residents then built a mosque as a place of worship and a place to study Islam. The historical remains of these mosques still stand strong today, namely the Jami' Khabir which was founded by Ali, the Janad Mosque by Mu'adz, and the Asya'ir Mosque by Abu Musa.
Especially to Mu'adz bin Jabbal, who converted to Islam at the age of 28, Rasulullah Shallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam was pleased to give his advice, through his questions, "When the Prophet Shallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam sent Mu'adz to Yemen, he asked, 'How you set the lawif there is a case you are facing?' Mu'adz answered, 'I will determine the law based on the Book of Allah. 'If it is not in the Book of Allah?' Mu'adz continued, "Then I will determine it with the hadith of the Messenger of Allah."Rasulullah SAW asked again, 'What if it is not in the Sunnah of Rasulullah?' Mu'adz answered, 'I will make ijtihad with my opinion and not overdo it'. After that, Rasulullah Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam patted his chest and said, 'Praise be to Allah who has aligned Rasulullah's messenger with him, as was pleased with Rasulullah'.”*(Ali Farkhan Tsani. Alumni of Mu'assasah Al-Quds Ad-Dauly Shana' a, Yemen. Editor of Mi'raj Islamic News Agency-MINA/EO2).
Reading of the Asy Shams Letter: Latin, Arabic Writing and Translation
Shams is a surah that the Prophet Muhammad SAW often read during prayer. The following is a reading of the Asy Syam letter in Latin, Arabic writing, meaning and translation.
- The following reading of the letter Asy Shams verses 1-15 in Latin and Arabic along with their meanings comes from the Al-Quran mushaf published by the Indonesian Ministry of Religion (Kemenag). Asy Shams' letter explains the virtues of those who purify their souls, as well as the disadvantages of those who pollute them. Surah Asy Shams also explains the power of Allah SWT over the phenomena of the universe, especially those related to astronomy.
Another content of Surah Asy Shams is an explanation of the punishment of Allah SWT on the people of Samud who deny His commands. Surah Asy Shams consists of 15 verses. Surah Asy Shams is the 91st surah in the Al-Quran, and is classified as a Makkiyah surah (down in the city of Makkah).
The name of this surah is Asy-Shams, which means sun. Asy Shams' letter opens with a sentence that reads:
"Wash-syamsi wa ḍuḥaha." The meaning of verse 1 of Surah Asy Shams is: "By the sun and its rays at the time of Duha (when the sun rises half way)." :
Translation, Arabic, Latin, & Contents of the Latin and Arabic reading of Asy Shams' letter. The reading of Asy Shams' letter in Latin and Arabic writing is as follows:
بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَِ
وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحٰىهَاۖ - ١ wasy-syamsi wa ḍuḥāhā
وَالْقَمَرِ اِذَا تَلٰىهَاۖ - ٢ wal-qamari iżā talāhā
وَالنَّهَارِ اِذَا جَلّٰىهَاۖ - ٣ wan-nahāri iżā jallāhā
وَالَّيْلِ اِذَا يَغْشٰىهَاۖ - ٤ wal-laili iżā yagsyāhā
وَالسَّمَاۤءِ وَمَا بَنٰىهَاۖ - ٥ was-samā`i wa mā banāhā
وَالْاَرْضِ وَمَا طَحٰىهَاۖ - ٦ wal-arḍi wa mā ṭaḥāhā
وَنَفْسٍ وَّمَا سَوّٰىهَاۖ - ٧ wa nafsiw wa mā sawwāhā فَاَلْهَمَهَا فُجُوْرَهَا و َتَقْوٰىهَاۖ - ٨ fa al-hamahā fujụrahā wa taqwāhā
قَدْ اَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكّٰىهَاۖ - ٩ qad aflaḥa man zakkahā
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسّٰىهَاۗ - ١٠ wa qad khāba man dassāhā كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُوْدُ
بِطَغْوٰىهَآ ۖ -١١ kadżdżabaṡ ṡamụdu biṭagwāhā اِذِ انْۢبَعَثَ اَشْقٰىهَاۖ - ١٢ idżimba'aṡa asyqāhā فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُوْلُ
اللّٰهِ نَاقَةَ اللّٰهِ وَسُقْيٰهَاۗ - ١٣ fa qāla lahum rasụlullāhi nāqatallāhi wa suqyāhā فَكَذَّ بُوْهُ فَعَقَرُوْهَاtroop
رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْۢبِهِمْ فَسَوّٰىهَاۖ - ١٤ fa każżabụhu fa 'aqarụhā fa damdama 'alaihim rabbuhum biżambihim fa sawwāhā
وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبٰهَا ࣖ - ١٥ wa lā yakhāfu 'uqbāhā
Translation of Surah Asy Shams Verses 1-15 The translation of Surah Asy Shams verses 1-15 in Indonesian is as follows:
1. By the sun and its rays in the morning,
2. by the month when accompanying it,
3. By the day when it appears,
4. By night when it covers it (pitch darkness),
5. By the heavens and their (wonderful) formation,
6. by the earth and its expanse,
7. for the sake of the soul and the perfection of His (creation),
8. Then He inspired to him (the path of) evil and piety,
9. truly lucky is the person who purifies it (that soul),
10. And what a loss it is to anyone who pollutes it.
11. (The people of) Samud have lied (their messenger) because they transgressed (unjust) limits,
12. when the most wretched among them arose,
13. Then Allah's Apostle (Saleh) said to them, "(Let) this she-camel from Allah with her drink."
14. But they lied to him and slaughtered him, so God destroyed them because of their sin, then He razed them (to the ground),
15. and He is not afraid of the consequences.
What is the content of Asy Shams' letter about? Surah Asy-Syams begins with several verses stating Allah SWT's oath regarding His power over astronomical phenomena, such as the sun, moon, sky and earth, up to the change of day and night. After that, in verses 7-10 the focus of the discussion is the human soul which always needs to be purified from darkness or evil. The middle part of Surah Asy Shams also contains confirmation from Allah SWT about the losses of people who pollute their souls with immoral acts.
The meaning of its content One of the essences of Surah ash-Syams is found in verse 9 which means, "Truly fortunate is the person who purifies (the soul)." Quoting the interpretation of Surah Asy Shams verse 9 as reported by the page quran.kemenag.go.id, the meaning of "purification of the soul" is to cleanse the soul from impuritiesas a result of sinful acts, such as shirk, kufr, arrogance, envy, greed, and so on. The purification of the soul is then accompanied by carrying out Allah SWT's commands to have faith, be sincere, be patient, and so on.
The final part of Surah Asy-Syams tells the story of the Thamud people, who were blessed by Allah with the ability to carve hills and mountains to use as a place to live. These people do not want to follow the teachings of the Prophet Saleh. The prophet had a miracle in the form of a pregnant female camel, which was expected to be able to drink from the well in turns with the Thamud people: one day for the female camel, and one day for the clan. In fact, on the day it was the camel's turn to drink, the Thamud could milk it. However, the Thamud people then slaughtered the camel and ate the meat. For this action, Allah punished the Thamud people in the form of an earthquake, a loud booming sound, and a lightning strike so that everything was razed to the ground.
The main time to read Surah Asy Shams. Surah Asy Syam is a letter in the Koran which was often read by the Prophet Muhammad SAW during fardhu prayers, especially Isha'. This is as per the following hadith:
"From Abdullah bin Buraidah, sourced from his father, that Rasulullah sallallāhu 'alaihi wa sallam read Wasy-Syamsi wa duhaha (Surah ash-Syam), and other similar surahs when performing the Isha prayer." (H.R Ahmad and at-Tirmidhi).
Rasulullah SAW also recommended that Surah Asy Syam be read by the prayer leader. This recommendation is in accordance with the hadith which states that Rasulullah SAW said to Muadz bin Jabal al-Ansari as follows:
"If you are a human priest, then read surah ash-Syams wa dhuhaha (ash-Syams), Sabbihisma Rabbika al-A'la (Surah Al-A'la), and Iqra' Bismi Rabbika (Surah Al-Alaq), and Wal -Laili idza Yaghsya (Surah al-Lail)," (H.R. Muslim). The two hadiths above explain the virtues of reading Surah Asy-Syams during the Isha' prayer, or when serving as prayer leader.
Surah Asy Shams is also recommended to be read when performing the Dhuha prayer. This letter is among the letters that are sunnah to read during Dhuha prayers, apart from the al-Kafirun letter, the al-Ikhlas letter, and the ad-Adhuha letter.
PENJELASAN YAMAN (NEGERI SYAM) DALAM AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS
Gerbang Yaman (Dok Afta/MINA)
Al-Qur`an telah mengabadikan kisah penerimaan penduduk Yaman terhadap ajaran Islam. Sekaligus menandai hubungan akidah antara Yaman dengan Palestina. Kisah ini bermula dari laporan burung Hud-Hud, atas perintah tuannya Nabi Sulaiman, ketika terbang hingga negeri Saba (Yaman).
Di dalam Al-Quran disebutkan,
فَمَكَثَ غَيۡرَ بَعِيدٍ۬ فَقَالَ أَحَطتُ بِمَا لَمۡ تُحِطۡ بِهِۦ وَجِئۡتُكَ مِن سَبَإِۭ بِنَبَإٍ۬ يَقِينٍ * إِنِّى وَجَدتُّ ٱمۡرَأَةً۬ تَمۡلِڪُهُمۡ وَأُوتِيَتۡ مِن ڪُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ وَلَهَا عَرۡشٌ عَظِيمٌ۬ * وَجَدتُّهَا وَقَوۡمَهَا يَسۡجُدُونَ لِلشَّمۡسِ مِن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَزَيَّنَ لَهُمُ ٱلشَّيۡطَـٰنُ أَعۡمَـٰلَهُمۡ فَصَدَّهُمۡ عَنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ فَهُمۡ لَا يَهۡتَدُونَ*
Artinya : “Maka tidak lama kemudian , lalu ia berkata: “Aku telah mengetahui sesuatu yang kamu belum mengetahuinya; dan kubawa kepadamu dari negeri Saba suatu berita penting yang diyakini. Sesungguhnya aku menjumpai seorang wanita yang memerintah mereka, dan dia dianugerahi segala sesuatu serta mempunyai singgasana yang besar. Aku mendapati dia dan kaumnya menyembah matahari, selain Allah; dan syaitan telah menjadikan mereka memandang indah perbuatan-perbuatan mereka lalu menghalangi mereka dari jalan , sehingga mereka tidak dapat petunjuk.“ (Q.S. An-Naml [27] : 22-24).
Berita yang dibawa burung Hud-Hud menggerakkan Nabi Sulaiman untuk menyerukan Ratu Saba’ (sebagian sejarawan menyebut bernama Bilqisatau Balqis) dan kaumnya agar masuk Islam. Hal ini membuktikan kedekatan kedua negeri tesebut walaupun terpisah jarak geografis ribuan kilometer.
Nabi Sulaiman menyeru Balqis untuk menerima ajaran Islam, menyembah Allah Yang Esa. Perintah Nabi Sulaiman,
ٱللَّهُ لَآ إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ رَبُّ ٱلۡعَرۡشِ ٱلۡعَظِيمِ
Artinya : “Pergilah dengan suratku ini, lalu jatuhkan kepada mereka, kemudian berpalinglah dari mereka, lalu perhatikanlah apa yang mereka bicarakan”. (Q.S. An-Naml [27] : 26).
Sampai kemudian Balqis sendiri beserta rombongannya datang ke negeri Sulaiman, di kawasan Al-Aqsha, Palestina. Hingga akhirnya Sang Ratu Bilqis menerima ajaran Islam yang ditawarkan Nabi Sulaiman.
رَبِّ إِنِّى ظَلَمۡتُ نَفۡسِى وَأَسۡلَمۡتُ مَعَ سُلَيۡمَـٰنَ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ
Artinya : “Ya Tuhanku, sesungguhnya aku telah berbuat zalim terhadap diriku dan aku berserah diri bersama Sulaiman kepada Allah, Tuhan semesta alam”. (Q.S. An-Naml [27] : 44).
Dengan terjalinnya hubungan Sulaiman-Balqis, Palestina-Yaman, yang diikat tali iman, maka bersatulah dua wilayah tersebut di bawah naungan Islam dan di bawah naungan Kerajaan Nabi Sulaiman ‘Alaihi Salam.
Al-Quran menyebut sepanjang kawasan dua negeri tersebut Allah berikan keberkahan bagi penduduk dan alam sekitarnya.
وَجَعَلۡنَا بَيۡنَہُمۡ وَبَيۡنَ ٱلۡقُرَى ٱلَّتِى بَـٰرَڪۡنَا فِيہَا قُرً۬ى ظَـٰهِرَةً۬ وَقَدَّرۡنَا فِيہَا ٱلسَّيۡرَۖ سِيرُواْ فِيہَا لَيَالِىَ وَأَيَّامًا ءَامِنِينَ
Artinya : “Dan Kami jadikan antara mereka dan antara negeri-negeri yang Kami limpahkan berkat kepadanya, beberapa negeri yang berdekatan dan Kami tetapkan antara negeri-negeri itu perjalanan. Berjalanlah kamu di kota-kota itu pada malam hari dan siang hari dengan aman.” (Q.S. Saba [34] : 18).
Pada Surat Quraisy, Al-Quran mengabadikan kawasan Yaman sebagai daerah yang sering dikunjungi para pedagang kafilah Jazirah Arab Quraisy.
*لِإِيلَـٰفِ قُرَيۡشٍ * إِیلَـٰفِهِمۡ رِحۡلَةَ ٱلشِّتَآءِ وَٱلصَّيۡفِ
Artinya : “Karena kebiasaan orang-orang Quraisy,kebiasaan mereka bepergian pada musim dingin dan musim panas.” (Q.S. Quraisy [106] : 1-2).
Para mufassir menyebut, perjalanan dagang pada musim dingin adalah ke kawasan Yaman, dan pada musim panas ke wilayah Syam (termasuk di dalamnya Palestina).
Sebagai konsekwensi dari perjalanan dagang tersebut maka penduduk Yaman bertanggungjawab atas keselamatan para kafilah Arab demi kesinambungan perjalanan dagang tersebut. Demikian juga halnya dengan penduduk Syam melakukan hal yang sama demi menjaga kepentingan mereka di Jazirah Arab.
Itulah yang memberikan suasana aman dan keamanan yang memadai, penuh persaudaraan, persatuan dan kesatuan. Suasana luar biasa dibandingkan kafilah-kafilah lain di Jazirah Arab saat itu yang diwarnai dengan perampokan, permusuhan dan bahkan peperangan antarsuku/kabilah masa jahiliyyah, yang kunjung usai.
Dr. Musthafa Luthfi dan N. Hasanah Mustofa,Lc dalam buku Perjuangan Palestina Masa Kini, Longmarch Lintas Bangsa : Indonesia, Yaman, Al-Quds (AWG Press, 2009), mennguraikan, Kedudukan ini menjadikan bangsa Quraisy sebagai rujukan bangsa Arab bila menghadapi persoalan-persoalan penting. Hal ini terlihat pula saat diutusnya Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai Rasul dan Nabi penutup, dimana bangsa Arab meresponnya dan secara berbondong-bondong masuk agama Allah.
Dengan demikian tidaklah heran, bila kemudian Allah mengistimewakan kedua wilayah ini pada saat menjelaskan peran ekonomis dan logistis bagi kemudahan kedatangan Risalah Muhammad SAW. Tidaklah aneh pula ketika Rasulullah SAW juga mengkhususkan doa bagi penduduk Syam (Palestina) dan Yaman agar mendapatkan berkah karena hubungan erat antara dua tempat berkah tersebut dengan kota Mekkah dan Madinah.
Doa Nabi Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam untuk keberkahan negeri-negeri di kawasan Syam dan Yaman dalam doanya,
اَللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِيْ شَامِنَا اَللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لَنَا فِيْ يَمَنِنَا
Artinya : “Ya Allah, berkahilah kami di negeri Syam kami, Ya Allah, berkahilah kami di negeri Yaman kami.” (H.R. At-Tirmidzi).
Sahabat Zaid bin Tsabit juga pernah menyampaikan, bahwasanya Nabi SAW suatu ketika mengarahkan pandangannya ke arah negeri Yaman. Kemudian beliau berdoa, “Ya Allah, jadikanlah di hati mereka kelapangan dalam menerima Islam”. (H.R. At-Tirmidzi).
Doa Nabi ini mengiringi banyaknya penduduk Yaman yang saat itu berbondong-bondong memasuki agama Allah, Islam.
Ini seperti dikemukakan sahabat Abi Hurairah, bahwa tatkala diturunkan ayat :
إِذَا جَآءَ نَصۡرُ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡفَتۡحُ * وَرَأَيۡتَ ٱلنَّاسَ يَدۡخُلُونَ فِى دِينِ ٱللَّهِ أَفۡوَاجً۬ا * فَسَبِّحۡ بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّكَ وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡهُۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ ڪَانَ تَوَّابَۢا
Artinya : ”Apabila telah datang pertolongan Allah dan kemenangan. Dan kamu lihat manusia masuk agama Allah dengan berbondong-bondong”. (Q.S. An-Nashr [110] : 1-2).
Menjelaskan ayat tersebut, Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam mengemukakan, bahwa penduduk negeri Yaman telah datang, mereka adalah orang-orang yang paling lembut hatinya (H.R. Ahmad).
Berkata Imam Al-Baghawi di dalam kitab Syarhus Sunnah ketika menerangkan hadits di atas, bahwa yang demikian itu merupakan pujian Nabi Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam kepada penduduk Yaman, dikarenakan mereka adalah kaum yang bersegera dalam beriman kepada Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam, dan baiknya keimanan mereka kepada Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala.
Utus Sahabat
Memperhatikan kesungguhan penduduk Yaman yang secara berbondong-bondong memeluk Islam. Maka, Nabi Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam mengutus beberapa sahabat untuk berdakwah di sana. Di antaranya adalah ‘Ali bin Abi Thalib ke Shana’a (ibu kota Yaman), Mu’adz bin Jabbal ke Taiz (Yaman Selatan) dan Abu Musa Al-Asy’ari ra ke Zabid.
Sesampainya di sana, mereka bersama penduduk setempat kemudian mendirikan masjid sebagai tempat ibadah dan tempat belajar Islam. Peninggalan bersejarah masjid-masjid itu hingga kini masih berdiri dengan kokoh, yaitu Jami’ Khabir yang didirikan oleh Ali, Masjid Janad oleh Mu’adz, serta Masjid Asya’ir oleh Abu Musa.
Khusus kepada Mu’adz bin Jabbal, yang masuk Islam pada usia 28 tahun, Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam berkenan memberikan petuahnya, melalui pertanyaan-pertanyaan beliau, “Ketika Nabi Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam mengutus Mu’adz ke Yaman, beliau bertanya, ‘Bagaimana kamu menetapkan hukum jika ada suatu perkara yang kamu hadapi?’ Mu’adz menjawab, ‘Aku akan menetapkan hukum berdasarkan Kitabullah. ‘Jika tidak ada dalam Kitabullah?’ Lanjut Mu’adz, “Maka aku akan menetapkan dengan hadits Rasulullah’. Rasulullah SAW bertanya lagi, ‘Bagaimana jika tidak ada dalam Sunnah Rasulullah?’ Mu’adz menjawab, ‘Aku akan berijtihad dengan pendapatku dan tidak berlebihan’. Setelah itu Rasulullah Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wasallam menepuk dadanya dan bersabda, ‘Segala puji bagi Allah yang telah menyelaraskan utusan Rasulullah dengannya, sebagaimana yang diridhai oleh Rasulullah’.”*(Ali Farkhan Tsani. Alumni Mu’assasah Al-Quds Ad-Dauly Shana’a, Yaman. Redaktur Mi’raj Islamic News Agency-MINA/EO2).
Bacaan Surat Asy Syams: Latin, Tulisan Arab dan Terjemahan
Syams adalah surah yang sering dibaca Nabi Muhammad SAW saat salat. Berikut bacaan surat Asy Syam latin, tulisan Arab, arti, dan terjemahannya.
- Bacaan surat Asy Syams ayat 1-15 dalam tulisan latin dan arab beserta artinya berikut ini bersumber dari mushaf Al-Quran terbitan Kementerian Agama RI (Kemenag). Surat Asy Syams menjelaskan tentang keutamaan orang yang menyucikan jiwanya, serta kerugian mereka yang mengotorinya. Surah Asy Syams juga menerangkan tentang kekuasaan Allah SWT atas fenomena alam semesta, terutama yang terkait astronomi.
Kandungan Surat Asy Syams lainnya adalah penjelasan tentang azab Allah SWT pada kaum Samud yang mendustakan perintah-Nya. Surah Asy Syams terdiri dari 15 ayat. Surat Asy Syams adalah surah ke-91 di Al-Quran, serta tergolong surah Makkiyah (turun di Kota Makkah).
Adapun nama surah ini, yakni Asy-Syams artinya matahari. Surat Asy Syams dibuka oleh kalimat berbunyi
"Wasy-syamsi wa ḍuḥaha." Ayat 1 Surah Asy Syams ini artinya adalah: "Demi matahari dan sinarnya pada waktu duha (ketika matahari naik sepenggalah)." :
Terjemahan, Arab, Latin, & Isi Kandungan Bacaan Surat Asy Syams Latin dan Arab Bacaan surat Asy Syams dalam tulisan latin dan arab adalah sebagai berikut:
بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحٰىهَاۖ - ١ wasy-syamsi wa ḍuḥāhā
وَالْقَمَرِ اِذَا تَلٰىهَاۖ - ٢ wal-qamari iżā talāhā
وَالنَّهَارِ اِذَا جَلّٰىهَاۖ - ٣ wan-nahāri iżā jallāhā
وَالَّيْلِ اِذَا يَغْشٰىهَاۖ - ٤ wal-laili iżā yagsyāhā
وَالسَّمَاۤءِ وَمَا بَنٰىهَاۖ - ٥ was-samā`i wa mā banāhā
وَالْاَرْضِ وَمَا طَحٰىهَاۖ - ٦ wal-arḍi wa mā ṭaḥāhā
وَنَفْسٍ وَّمَا سَوّٰىهَاۖ - ٧ wa nafsiw wa mā sawwāhā فَاَلْهَمَهَا فُجُوْرَهَا وَتَقْوٰىهَاۖ - ٨ fa al-hamahā fujụrahā wa taqwāhā
قَدْ اَفْلَحَ مَنْ زَكّٰىهَاۖ - ٩ qad aflaḥa man zakkāhā
وَقَدْ خَابَ مَنْ دَسّٰىهَاۗ - ١٠ wa qad khāba man dassāhā كَذَّبَتْ ثَمُوْدُ
بِطَغْوٰىهَآ ۖ -١١ kadżdżabaṡ ṡamụdu biṭagwāhā اِذِ انْۢبَعَثَ اَشْقٰىهَاۖ - ١٢ idżimba'aṡa asyqāhā فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُوْلُ
اللّٰهِ نَاقَةَ اللّٰهِ وَسُقْيٰهَاۗ - ١٣ fa qāla lahum rasụlullāhi nāqatallāhi wa suqyāhā فَكَذَّبُوْهُ فَعَقَرُوْهَاۖ فَدَمْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ
رَبُّهُمْ بِذَنْۢبِهِمْ فَسَوّٰىهَاۖ - ١٤ fa każżabụhu fa 'aqarụhā fa damdama 'alaihim rabbuhum biżambihim fa sawwāhā
وَلَا يَخَافُ عُقْبٰهَا ࣖ - ١٥ wa lā yakhāfu 'uqbāhā
Terjemahan Surat Asy Syams Ayat 1-15 Terjemahan surat Asy Syams ayat 1-15 dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Demi matahari dan sinarnya pada pagi hari,
2. demi bulan apabila mengiringinya,
3. demi siang apabila menampakkannya,
4. demi malam apabila menutupinya (gelap gulita),
5. demi langit serta pembinaannya (yang menakjubkan),
6. demi bumi serta penghamparannya,
7. demi jiwa serta penyempurnaan (ciptaan)-Nya,
8. maka Dia mengilhamkan kepadanya (jalan) kejahatan dan ketakwaannya,
9. sungguh beruntung orang yang menyucikannya (jiwa itu),
10. dan sungguh rugi orang yang mengotorinya.
11. (Kaum) samud telah mendustakan (rasulnya) karena mereka melampaui batas (zalim),
12. ketika bangkit orang yang paling celaka di antara mereka,
13. lalu Rasul Allah (Saleh) berkata kepada mereka, "(Biarkanlah) unta betina dari Allah ini dengan minumannya."
14. Namun mereka mendustakannya dan menyembelihnya, karena itu Tuhan membinasakan mereka karena dosanya, lalu diratakan-Nya (dengan tanah),
15. dan Dia tidak takut terhadap akibatnya.
Isi Kandungan Surat Asy Syams tentang Apa? Surah Asy-Syams diawali beberapa ayat yang menyatakan sumpah Allah SWT mengenai kekuasaan-Nya atas fenomena-fenomena astronomi, seperti matahari, bulan, langit dan bumi, hingga pergantian siang-malam. Setelah itu, pada ayat 7-10 fokus pembahasan adalah jiwa manusia yang senantiasa perlu disucikan dari kepekatan atau kejahatan. Bagian tengah Surat Asy Syams ini pun memuat penegasan dari Allah SWT tentang kerugian orang-orang yang mengotori jiwanya dengan perbuatan maksiat.
Arti Kandungannya Salah satu intisari Surah asy-Syams terdapat di ayat 9 yang artinya, "Sungguh beruntung orang yang menyucikan (jiwa itu)." Mengutip tafsir Surah Asy Syams ayat 9 yang dilansir oleh laman quran.kemenag.go.id, maksud dari "penyucian jiwa" ialah membersihkan jiwa dari kekotoran akibat perbuatan dosa, seperti syirik, kufur, takabur, iri-dengki, tamak, dan lain sebagainya. Penyucian jiwa itu lantas diiringi dengan menjalankan perintah Allah SWT untuk beriman, ikhlas, bersabar, dan lainnya.
Bagian akhir Surah Asy-Syams mengisahkan kaum Tsamud, yang diberkati Allah dengan kemampuan memahat bukit dan gunung untuk dijadikan tempat tinggal. Kaum ini tidak mau mengikuti ajaran Nabi Saleh. Sang nabi memiliki mukjizat berupa onta betina hamil, yang diharapkan bisa meminum dari sumur secara bergantian dengan kaum Tsamud: sehari untuk onta betina, dan sehari untuk kaum tersebut. Sebenarnya, pada hari giliran onta itu minum, kaum Tsamud dapat memerah susunya. Namun, kaum Tsamud kemudian menyembelih onta tadi dan menyantap dagingnya. Atas tindakan tersebut, Allah memberikan azab kepada Kaum Tsamud berupa gempa, suara keras menggelegar, dan sambaran petir sehingga semua rata dengan tanah.
Waktu Membaca Surah Asy Syams yang Utama Surah Asy Syam termasuk surat dalam Al-Quran yang sering dibaca oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW saat sholat fardhu, terutama isya'. Hal ini sebagaimana hadits berikut:
"Dari Abdullah bin Buraidah, bersumber dari ayahnya, bahwa Rasulullah sallallāhu ‘alaihi wa sallam membaca Wasy-Syamsi wa duhaha (Surah asy-Syam), dan surah-surah serupa lainnya saat melaksanakan salat Isya." (H.R Ahmad dan at-Tirmidzi).
Rasulullah SAW juga menganjurkan surah Asy Syam dibaca oleh imam shalat. Anjuran ini sesuai dengan hadits yang menyebutkan, bahwa Rasulullah SAW bersabda pada Muadz bin Jabal al-Anshari sebagai berikut:
"Apabila kamu mengimami manusia, maka bacalah surah asy-Syams wa dhuhaha (asy-Syams), Sabbihisma Rabbika al-A'la (Surah Al-A'la), dan Iqra' Bismi Rabbika (Surah Al-Alaq), serta Wal-Laili idza Yaghsya (Surah al-Lail)," (H.R. Muslim). Dua hadits di atas menjelaskan keutamaan membaca Surah Asy-Syams saat pelaksanaan sholat Isya', atau ketika menjadi imam salat.
Surah Asy Syams juga dianjurkan untuk dibaca saat melaksanakan sholat dhuha. Surat ini termasuk surat yang sunnah dibaca saat sholat Dhuha, selain surat al-Kafirun, surat al-Ikhlas, dan surat ad-Adhuha.